The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has
dissolved, and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United Nations Specialized Agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain,
permits the SFRY mission to continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former Yugoslavia. The The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia under international organizations where the
SFRY seat remains or where no action has yet been taken.
Arab Bank for Economic
Development in Africa (ABEDA)
note-also known as Banque Arabe
de Developpement Economique en
Afrique (BADEA) established-18
February 1974
effective-16 September 1974
aim-to promote economic development
members-(17 plus the Palestine Liberation
Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,
Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria,
Tunisia, UAE, Palestine Liberation Organization;
note-these are all the members of the Arab League
except Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen
Arab Cooperation Council
(ACC)
established-16 February 1989
aim-to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly leading to an Arab Common Market
members-(4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen
Arab Fund for Economic
and Social Development (AFESD)
established-16 May 1968
aim-to promote economic and social
development
members-(20 plus the Palestine Liberation
Organization) Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt
(suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,
Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
and development, especially among the less developed
countries
members-(13) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago
Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint
Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks
and Caicos Islands, Venezuela
nonregional members-(5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK
Cartagena Group
see Group of 11
Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)
note-acronym from Union Douaniere
et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale
established-8 December 1964
effective-1 January 1966
aim-to promote the establishment of a Central African Common
Market
members-(6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)
note-acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de
l'Afrique Centrale
established-3 December 1975
aim-to provide loans for economic
development
members-(9) Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, France,
Gabon, Germany, Kuwait
Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)
note-acronym from Banco Centroamericano
de Integracion Economico
established-13 December 1960
aim-to promote economic integration
and development
members-(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Central American Common Market (CACM)
established-13 December 1960
effective-3 June 1961
aim-to promote establishment of
a Central American Common Market
members-(5) Costa Rica, El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua
Central European Initiative (CEI)
note-evolved from the Hexagonal Group
established-July 1991
aim-to form an economic and political
cooperation group for the region between the Adriatic and
the Baltic Seas
members-(10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Yugoslavia
centrally planned economies a term applied mainly to the
traditionally Communist states that looked to the
former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving
toward more democratic and market-oriented
systems; also known formerly as the Second World
or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s,
this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Singapore,
Sri Lanka, Thailand, UK, US
Commission for Social Development
established-21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July 1966
aim-Economic and Social Council
organization dealing with social
development programs of UN
members-(32) selected on a rotating
basis from all regions
Commission on Human Rights
established-18 February 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing
with human rights programs of UN
members-(53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)
established-12 October 1978
aim-Economic and Social Council organization assisting in solving human settlement problems of UN
members-(58) selected on a rotating
basis from all regions
Commission on Narcotic Drugs
established-16 February 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing
with illicit drugs programs of UN
members-(53) selected on a rotating
basis from all regions with emphasis on producing and processing
countries
Commission on the Status of Women
established-21 June 1946
aim-Economic and Social Council organization dealing with women's rights goals of UN
members-(32) selected on a rotating
basis from all regions
Commonwealth (C)
established-31 December 1931
aim-voluntary association that evolved
from the British Empire and that seeks to foster
multinational cooperation and assistance
members-(48) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,
Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland,
Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK,
Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
special members-(2) Nauru, Tuvalu
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
established-8 December 1991
effective-21 December 1991
aim-to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR
members-(10) Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)
see West African Economic Community (CEAO)
Communaute Economique des
Etats de l'Afrique Centrale
(CEEAC)
see Economic Community of Central
African States (CEEAC)
Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs
(CEPGL)
see Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)
Communist countries
traditionally the Marxist-Leninist
states with authoritarian governments and command
economies based on the Soviet model; most of the
successor states are no longer Communist; see
centrally planned economies
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
(CSCE)
established-NA November 1972
aim-discusses issues of mutual concern and reviews implementation of the Helsinki Agreement
members-(53) Albania, Armenia, Austria,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)
see European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)
Contadora Group (CG)
was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora) to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America but evolved into the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama, Venezuela
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the
Gulf
see Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)
established-NA 1949
aim-to control the export of strategic
products and technical data from member countries to
proscribed destinations
members-(17) Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France,
Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany,
Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ,
Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US
developing countries
an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing economies; see less developed countries (LDCs)
East African Development Bank (EADB)
established-6 June 1967
effective-1 December 1967
aim-to promote economic development
members-(3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and
the Pacific (ESCAP)
established-28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)
aim-to promote economic development
as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and
Social Council
members-(46) Afghanistan, Australia,
Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,
Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore,
Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga,
Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, UK,US, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa
associate members-(10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French
Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands (Palau)
Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
(ESCWA)
established-9 August 1973 as Economic
Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)
aim-to promote economic development
as a regional commission for the UN's Economic and
Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE, Yemen,
Palestine Liberation Organization
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to coordinate the economic and
social work of the UN; includes five regional
commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa,
Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission
for Latin America and the Caribbean, Economic and
Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Economic
and Social Commission for Western Asia) and six
functional commissions
(see Commission for Social Development, Commission on
Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission
on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical
Commission, Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)
members-(54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
established-29 April 1958
aim-to promote economic development
as a regional commission of the UN's Economic and
Social Council
members-(52) Algeria, Angola, Benin,
Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,
Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-
of seven centrally planned economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by committing 60% of its loans to privatization
members-(58) Albania, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Community (EC), Egypt,
European Investment Bank (EIB), Estonia, Finland, France,
North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,
Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,
Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Solomon
Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swazi
Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe associate member-(1) Puerto Rico
Former USSR/Eastern Europe former USSR/EE)
the middle group in the comprehensive
but mutually exclusive hierarchy of developed
countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former
USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these
countries are in political and economic transition and
may well be grouped differently in the near future;
this group of 27 countries includes Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia,
Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia. Moldova, oland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
Four Dragons
the four small Asian less developed
countries (LDCs) that have experienced unusually rapid economic
growth; also known as the Four Tigers; this group
includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan
Four Tigers
another term for the Four Dragons;
see Four Dragons
Franc Zone (FZ)
established-NA
aim-to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are
linked to the French franc
members-(15) Benin, Burkina, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote
d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Mali,
Niger, Senegal, Togo; note-France includes
metropolitan France, the four overseas departments
of France (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Reunion), the two territorial collectivities of
France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the
Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Group of 2 (G-2)
established-informal term that came
into use about 1986
aim-bilateral economic cooperation
between the two most powerful economic giants
members-(2) Japan, US
Group of 3 (G-3)
established-NA October 1990
aim-mechanism for policy coordination
members-(3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela
Group of 5 (G-5)
established-22 September 1985
aim-the five major non-Communist economic powers
members-(5) France, Germany, Japan,
UK, US
Group of 6 (G-6)
note-not to be confused with theBig Six
established-22 May 1984
aim-to achieve nuclear disarmament
members-(6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico,
Sweden, Tanzania
Group of 7 (G-7)
note-membership is the same as the Big Seven
established-22 September 1985
aim-the seven major non-Communist economic powers
members-(7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus
Canada and Italy
Group of 8 (G-8)
established-NA October 1975
aim-the developed countries (DCs) that participated in the
Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June 1977
members-(8) Australia, Canada, EC
(as one member), Japan, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
US
Group of 9 (G-9)
established-NA
aim-informal group that meets occasionally
on matters of mutual interest
members-(9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Romania,
Sweden, Yugoslavia
Group of 10 (G-10)
note-also known as the Paris Club
established-NA October 1962
aim-wealthiest members of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of Switzerland on NA April 1984
members-(11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
among developing nations; to act as the main political
organ for the Non-Aligned Movement
members-(15) Algeria, Argentina,
Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Malaysia,
Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela, Yugoslavia,
Zimbabwe
Group of 19 (G-19)
established-NA October 1975
aim-the less developed countries (LDCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975 and 3 June
1977
members-(19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia
Group of 24 (G-24)
established-NA January 1972
aim-to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America within the IMF
members-(24) Algeria, Argentina,
Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia,
Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon,
Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri
Lanka, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela,
Yugoslavia, Zaire
Group of 30 (G-30)
established-NA 1979
aim-to discuss and propose solutions
to the world's economic problems
members-(30) informal group of 30
leading international bankers, economists, financial
experts, and businessmen organized by Johannes
Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)
Group of 33 (G-33)
established-NA 1987
aim-to promote solutions to international economic
problems
members-(33) leading economists from 13 countries
Group of 77 (G-77)
established-NA October 1967
aim-to promote economic cooperation among developing countries;
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Falkland Islands,
Fiji, Finland, France, French Polynesia, The Gambia,
Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Holy See,
Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kiribati, South Korea, Lebanon,
Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi,
Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco,
Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway,
Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Russia, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Western Samoa
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
note-also known as the World Court
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-primary judicial organ of the UN
members-(15 judges) elected by the
General Assembly and Security Council to represent
all principal legal systems
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
established-13 June 1956
aim-to promote international cooperation between criminal
police authorities
members-(159) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and
Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,
Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
International Organization for Migration (IOM)-established
as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the
Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed
Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM) on 15
November 1952; renamed Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980; current name adopted 14 November 1989
established-5 December 1951
aim-to facilitate orderly international
emigration and immigration
members-(46) Angola, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia,
Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Denmark,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras,
Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,
Philippines, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,
Thailand, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia
observers-(41) Albania, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cape Verde, Croatia, Czech Republic, Federation of Ethnic Communities' Council of Australia Inc., Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, India, Indonesia, Japan, Japan International Friendship and Welfare Foundation, Jordan, Latvia, Malta, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, NZ, Niwano Peace Foundation, Pakistan, Partnership with the Children of the Third World, Poland, Presiding Bishop's Fund for World Relief/Episcopal Church Refuge Council of Australia, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Turkey, UK, Vietnam, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
established-NA February 1947
aim-to promote the development of international standards
Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Mongolia,
Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia,
Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Slovakia,South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yugoslavia
correspondent members-(14) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Guinea, Hong Kong, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Malawi, Mauritius, Oman, Senegal, UAE, Uruguay International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
established-NA 1928
aim-to promote worldwide humanitarian
aid through the International Committee of the Red
Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and League of Red Cross
and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS) in peacetime
members-(9) 2 representatives from
ICRC, 2 from LORCS, and 5 from national societies
elected by the international conference of the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
established-9 December 1932
effective-1 January 1934 affiliated
with the UN-15 November 1947
aim-UN specialized agency concerned
with world telecommunications
members-(168) Afghanistan, Albania,
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,
Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain,
Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,
Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea,
South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,
Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania,
Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,
Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New
Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,
Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,
Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,
economies; see newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
newly industrializing economies (NIEs)
that subgroup of the less developed
countries (LDCs) that has experienced particularly rapid
industrialization of their economies; formerly known as the
newly industrializing countries (NICs); also known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan) plus Brazil and Mexico
Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
established-1-6 September 1961
aim-to establish political and military
cooperation apart from the traditional
East or West blocs
members-(102 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)
Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,
Qatar, Rawada, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization
observers-(19) African National Congress, Afro-Asian Solidarity Organization, Antigua and Barbuda, Arab League, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Islamic Conference, Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (New Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia, Organization of African Unity, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Philippines,
members-(35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas,
Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,
Uruguay, Venezuela; note-Panama was expelled in 1988; Peru was suspended after April 1992 coup Second World
another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see centrally planned economies socialist countries in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use of the major factors of production; note-the term is sometimes used incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries
South a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized
countries generally located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the North; see less developed countries (LDCs)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
established-8 December 1985
aim-to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation
members-(7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka
South Pacific Commission (SPC)
established-6 February 1947
effective-29 July 1948
aim-to promote regional
cooperation n economic and social matters
members-(27) American Samoa, Australia,
Cook Islands, Fiji, France, French Polynesia,
Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States
Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,
Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,
Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi
Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,
Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,
Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,
Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay,
Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia,
Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe
associate members-(3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands Antilles
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)
established-15 December 1972
aim-to promote international cooperation
on all environmental matters
members-(58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)
established-4 March 1964
aim-established by the UN Security Council to serve as a
peacekeeping force beween Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus
members-(7) Austria,Canada, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden, UK
United Nations General Assembly
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-primary deliberative organ in the UN
members-(183) all UN members are represented in the
General Assembly United Nations Industrial
Development Organization (UNIDO)
established-17 November 1966
effective-1 January 1967
aim-UN specialized agency that promotes
industrial development especially among the members
members-(160) Afghanistan, Albania,
Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,
Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India,
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,
Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,
Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,
aim-established by the UN Security Council to observe the 1949
India-Pakistan ceasefire
members-(8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark,
Finland, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay
United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara
(MINURSO)
established-NA 1990
aim-established by the UN Security Council to supervise the
referendum in Western Sahara
members-(25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, Russia, Switzerland, Tunisia, UK, US, Venezuela
United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)
established-NA 1991
aim-established by the UN Security Council to verify ceasefire arrangments and to monitor the maintenance of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil Police
members-(9) Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela
United Nations Office of the High Commissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR)
established-3 December 1949
effective-1 January 1951
aim-to try to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find permanent solutions to refugee problems
aim-to promote assistance in dealing with population problems
members-(51) selected on a rotating basis from all regions
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
established-NA 1992
aim-established by the UN Security Council to create conditions for peace and security required for the negotiation of an overall settlement of the "Yugoslav" crisis
United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA)
established-8 December 1949
aim-to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees
members-(10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon,
Syria, Turkey, UK, US
United Nations Secretariat
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-primary administrative organ
of the UN
member-Secretary General appointed
for a five-year term by the General Assembly on the
recommendation of the Security Council
United Nations Security Council
established-26 June 1945
effective-24 October 1945
aim-to maintain international peace and security
permanent members-(5)
China, France, Russia, UK, US
nonpermanent members-(10)
elected for two-year terms by the UN General Assembly;
Austria (1991-92), Belgium (1991-92), Cape Verde (1992-
93), Ecuador (1991-92), Hungary (1992-93), India (1991-
92), Japan (1992-93), Morocco (1992-93), Venezuela (1992-
93), Zimbabwe (1991-92)
United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)
established-NA 1992
aim-established by the UN Security Council to contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace and to the holding of free elections
members-(31) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cameroon,Canada, Chile, China, Congo, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Malaysia, Netherlands, NZ, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Thailand, Tunisia, UK, US, Uruguay
United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)
established-NA May 1948
aim-initially established by the UN Security Council to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan
was established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of dissolution were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the USSR; earlier members included East Germany and Albania
West African Development Bank (WADB)
note-also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine
de Developpement (BOAD)
established-14 November 1973
aim-to promote economic development and integration
aim-mutual defense and progressive political unification
members-(9) Belgium, France, Germany,
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK
associate member-(1) Iceland
observer-(1) Greece
World Bank
see International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
World Bank Group
includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance Corporation (IFC)
World Confederation of Labor (WCL)
established-19 June 1920 as the
International Federation of Christian Trade Unions
(IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968
aim-to promote the trade union movement
members-(94 national organizations)
Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba,